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現在的大(da)(da)數據已經應用在了城(cheng)市的交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)領域，它對交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)管理產生了很大(da)(da)的影響，那么大數據城市交通應(ying)用(yong)是怎樣(yang)的(de)？大數(shu)據(ju)對城市交通產生什么影響呢？下面中(zhong)卡科技就來說(shuo)下。
大數據對城市交通有哪些影響？
1交通規劃(hua)與(yu)建設(she)
在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)過程中，相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)者應(ying)(ying)該(gai)綜合(he)各方(fang)面因素去考慮。不但要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)管理(li)者要(yao)(yao)(yao)對(dui)全部(bu)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體(ti)系有一個整體(ti)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)把(ba)握，還要(yao)(yao)(yao)認(ren)真、仔細(xi)地關(guan)注和(he)重(zhong)視城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)需求(qiu)量中不間(jian)斷地變化(hua)(hua)。除(chu)此之外，還應(ying)(ying)加(jia)強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)每個系統(tong)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銜接性。交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擁堵給北(bei)京市(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)部(bu)門帶來(lai)了(le)很大(da)壓力(li)與(yu)挑戰，成為相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)管理(li)者需要(yao)(yao)(yao)急迫解決的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)問題(ti)，擁堵不堪的(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不但給城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)居住民眾日常生活帶來(lai)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，也是對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)規劃運營管理(li)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)考驗(yan)。新時代(dai)背(bei)景(jing)下，大(da)數(shu)據已經被大(da)范圍(wei)應(ying)(ying)用到交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)過程當(dang)中，傳統(tong)方(fang)法(fa)逐漸(jian)無法(fa)適應(ying)(ying)新時代(dai)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)特征(zheng)快速變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)研(yan)究(jiu)者更(geng)加(jia)傾向(xiang)于運用智能交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)系統(tong)，對(dui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行(xing)科(ke)學(xue)化(hua)(hua)分析研(yan)究(jiu)，并且配合(he)大(da)數(shu)據相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)環境及時為城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)展制(zhi)訂科(ke)學(xue)、合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案，同時把(ba)大(da)數(shu)據更(geng)多地應(ying)(ying)用到城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管理(li)中，充分發(fa)揮大(da)數(shu)據相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)優勢資源，挖(wa)掘(jue)更(geng)多功能，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過借(jie)助(zhu)海量信息數(shu)據資源進(jin)行(xing)深度挖(wa)掘(jue)，最終分析出城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)發(fa)展變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)特征(zheng)。

2交通管理
隨著互聯網各種信息技術的(de)(de)(de)快速發(fa)展，大(da)(da)數據逐漸被運用到城(cheng)(cheng)市交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理過程中，主要表現在(zai)處理好相關(guan)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)供給與(yu)(yu)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相關(guan)需(xu)求者兩(liang)個主要方(fang)面之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)[4]。城(cheng)(cheng)市交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)相關(guan)管(guan)理與(yu)(yu)控制(zhi)管(guan)理技術主要發(fa)展趨勢是(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)區(qu)域協(xie)調管(guan)理和(he)控制(zhi)，大(da)(da)數據技術為城(cheng)(cheng)市交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)正常運轉進(jin)(jin)行(xing)數據分析提供了重要保障，給城(cheng)(cheng)市管(guan)理中的(de)(de)(de)各種問(wen)題診(zhen)斷與(yu)(yu)方(fang)案進(jin)(jin)行(xing)各種測試提供了可能(neng)，在(zai)某種程度上有(you)助于形(xing)成非常高效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理策略。依(yi)據當下交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)展形(xing)勢而言(yan)，以后日常出(chu)行(xing)量(liang)出(chu)現增大(da)(da)是(shi)不可避(bi)免的(de)(de)(de)，但政府相關(guan)部(bu)門還(huan)可以依(yi)據城(cheng)(cheng)市車流量(liang)實際狀況，積(ji)極修(xiu)建(jian)道路，打通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)微循環，建(jian)設智能(neng)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)誘導系(xi)(xi)統引(yin)導交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)流量(liang)分布，有(you)效(xiao)緩解(jie)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擁(yong)堵現象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)。
3城市(shi)交通相關服務
隨著(zhu)社會經(jing)濟的持(chi)續快速(su)向前發展，廣大民眾對城市交通的(de)(de)需求量(liang)也在不斷提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)。人們日(ri)(ri)常出(chu)行(xing)(xing)選擇更(geng)加自(zi)由、方便。例如(ru)：滴滴打車(che)(che)、共享自(zi)行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)、神州專車(che)(che)等各種智能化(hua)APP的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)越(yue)來越(yue)普(pu)遍(bian)化(hua)，為城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)相關(guan)(guan)信息數據(ju)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)良好的(de)(de)基礎作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。通(tong)過大數據(ju)相關(guan)(guan)信息技術能夠(gou)對城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)中各種紛繁復雜的(de)(de)信息進行(xing)(xing)綜合分析(xi)，為更(geng)多日(ri)(ri)常出(chu)行(xing)(xing)者(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)個性化(hua)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)出(chu)行(xing)(xing)信息資源(yuan)服務，進而有(you)(you)效提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)日(ri)(ri)常運(yun)行(xing)(xing)效率(lv)和各種資源(yuan)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率(lv)。例如(ru)：滴滴打車(che)(che)自(zi)從成立到發展只用(yong)(yong)(yong)了(le)4年時(shi)間左右就(jiu)占(zhan)領了(le)我國專車(che)(che)服務訂單量(liang)市(shi)(shi)場份(fen)額的(de)(de)82%有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)智能應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
大數據對城市交通的應用是如何？
第一(yi)：智(zhi)能公交，這(zhe)是交通(tong)(tong)部早已實(shi)現的(de)(de)事情，也(ye)是交通(tong)(tong)部最早利用大數據決策的(de)(de)成功案(an)例之(zhi)一(yi)。交通(tong)(tong)部根據GPS定(ding)位技術、3G通(tong)(tong)信技術、GIS地理信息系統技術等(deng)等(deng)結合(he)對車(che)輛的(de)(de)監(jian)控，實(shi)施的(de)(de)公交車(che)智(zhi)能調度(du)策略，提(ti)高了公交車(che)的(de)(de)利用率，同時也(ye)在不斷減輕城市(shi)道路的(de)(de)擁堵負擔(dan)。
目前(qian)(qian)智能公交的調度技術已經在絕(jue)大多(duo)數城市鋪(pu)展開來，目前(qian)(qian)中國各個城市都在陸(lu)續展開該(gai)項目。
第二：用(yong)大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)輔助(zhu)交通規劃輔助(zhu)決(jue)(jue)(jue)策，就(jiu)公(gong)交網絡而言，傳統的方式需要(yao)在投(tou)入大(da)量人(ren)力進行OD調(diao)查和數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)收集(ji)。而目(mu)前的一卡通，則讓數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)更為全(quan)面的展(zhan)現在決(jue)(jue)(jue)策人(ren)員面前，流量數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)全(quan)部可以精確掌握，同時(shi)再利用(yong)上車輛擁(yong)堵(du)時(shi)間，擁(yong)堵(du)路段的大(da)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)分析(xi)后(hou)，公(gong)交車的線(xian)路調(diao)整(zheng)，增加與減少換乘站的決(jue)(jue)(jue)策就(jiu)會更加有依據(ju)(ju)。
第三：對駕駛(shi)員評估，交通部與百度技術結合后將通過駕駛(shi)員的(de)出行(xing)習慣，從(cong)路線到行(xing)為(wei)，為(wei)該駕駛(shi)員提(ti)(ti)供(gong)一套評估，而此(ci)人(ren)的(de)評估會被送(song)往交通管理(li)部門以及運輸企(qi)業等地方，讓(rang)用人(ren)的(de)參考(kao)數據(ju)更多。并且這些評估也可以為(wei)個人(ren)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)安全參考(kao)意見。
第四：預(yu)測(ce)(ce)群體(ti)(ti)出(chu)行行為，目前百(bai)度地圖(tu)已經做(zuo)到(dao)了可以(yi)(yi)提前兩周預(yu)測(ce)(ce)某(mou)個城市的(de)人數大概規(gui)模(mo)，而(er)將這一成熟(shu)的(de)預(yu)測(ce)(ce)算法用于(yu)交通后，結(jie)合交通部的(de)其(qi)他大數據(ju)，便(bian)可以(yi)(yi)預(yu)測(ce)(ce)出(chu)群體(ti)(ti)出(chu)行的(de)態勢，對(dui)其(qi)可能(neng)出(chu)行的(de)時(shi)間，出(chu)行路線，出(chu)行方式等等進行預(yu)測(ce)(ce)，從而(er)為城市車(che)輛調度提供決策幫助。

大數據對(dui)城市交通管理的作(zuo)用
1提升城市交通管理相關(guan)決(jue)策科(ke)學、合理性
在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)關(guan)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)程中，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)借助大數據(ju)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)技術可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)中紛(fen)繁復雜的信息(xi)(xi)(xi)數據(ju)進(jin)行(xing)綜(zong)合(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，從中尋找到更多(duo)的內在(zai)(zai)(zai)聯系(xi)和規律，更加(jia)深入(ru)地(di)判(pan)斷和深入(ru)了解有(you)關(guan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象在(zai)(zai)(zai)未(wei)來發(fa)展(zhan)的大概方向和趨(qu)勢[6]。需要重視的一點是，城市(shi)(shi)(shi)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)理(li)者需要對(dui)(dui)(dui)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)中的海量數據(ju)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)展(zhan)開深入(ru)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)和判(pan)斷。例(li)如，在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)(dui)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)相(xiang)關(guan)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)程中，可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)城市(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)口(kou)分(fen)(fen)布結構(gou)、城市(shi)(shi)(shi)天氣氣象狀況變(bian)化、城市(shi)(shi)(shi)公共(gong)服務(wu)相(xiang)關(guan)設施以(yi)及移動(dong)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信相(xiang)關(guan)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)數據(ju)展(zhan)開綜(zong)合(he)(he)性分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)各方面因素(su)去考慮，使得城市(shi)(shi)(shi)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)更加(jia)科學、穩(wen)定(ding)地(di)發(fa)展(zhan)。另外(wai)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)使用大數據(ju)信息(xi)(xi)(xi)技術，能夠有(you)效分(fen)(fen)析(xi)出駕(jia)駛員(yuan)全部信息(xi)(xi)(xi)狀況，進(jin)而為廣大社會民眾制訂(ding)更加(jia)合(he)(he)理(li)、豐富的出行(xing)方式，進(jin)一步(bu)提升城市(shi)(shi)(shi)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)運轉效率水平。
2提升城市(shi)管(guan)理相關水平
隨著(zhu)城市(shi)(shi)化(hua)建設進(jin)程的(de)不斷加快，城市(shi)(shi)交通(tong)管(guan)理(li)中出現(xian)各(ge)種各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)問題(ti)。例如，城市(shi)(shi)交通(tong)擁(yong)堵、城市(shi)(shi)空氣質量下降、住房狀況(kuang)不均(jun)衡、就(jiu)業壓(ya)力大等，以往(wang)在沒有大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)之前(qian)，相關(guan)(guan)管(guan)理(li)部(bu)門要想解決這些紛繁復(fu)雜(za)的(de)綜(zong)合性(xing)問題(ti)非常困難。近些年(nian)，互(hu)聯網信息技(ji)術的(de)快速(su)發展(zhan)，大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)也開始被普遍應用到城市(shi)(shi)化(hua)管(guan)理(li)過程中，可(ke)以充分借(jie)助大數(shu)(shu)據(ju)的(de)功能(neng)，讓(rang)更多(duo)交通(tong)管(guan)理(li)相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門可(ke)以運用手機相關(guan)(guan)信息數(shu)(shu)據(ju)、交通(tong)卡等，有效獲取人員流動性(xing)的(de)變化(hua)情(qing)況(kuang)。另外，還可(ke)以依據(ju)當地天氣預(yu)(yu)報或者重大活動、節假日等信息數(shu)(shu)據(ju)來(lai)對未來(lai)的(de)城市(shi)(shi)交通(tong)擁(yong)堵情(qing)況(kuang)做(zuo)精確的(de)分析和判斷，提前(qian)預(yu)(yu)測可(ke)能(neng)出現(xian)擁(yong)堵的(de)地段，對有關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門及時疏通(tong)交通(tong)擁(yong)堵具有重要指導性(xing)意義(yi)。
3預警(jing)相關處置，降低城(cheng)市相關形象風險
在對城(cheng)市交通管理過程(cheng)中(zhong)，可以運用大(da)數(shu)據對網(wang)(wang)絡展開(kai)提前(qian)預測和監控，在某種(zhong)程(cheng)度上(shang)能夠解決(jue)當(dang)下(xia)輿(yu)(yu)(yu)情(qing)相(xiang)關研究的尷(gan)尬局(ju)面。依據網(wang)(wang)民在網(wang)(wang)絡上(shang)留下(xia)的各種(zhong)各樣的觀點(dian)等信(xin)息形成了海量信(xin)息數(shu)據，這些信(xin)息數(shu)據背后(hou)隱藏(zang)著一定規律性。城(cheng)市管理者通過借(jie)助大(da)數(shu)據來(lai)挖(wa)掘更(geng)多潛藏(zang)性的負面輿(yu)(yu)(yu)情(qing)和發(fa)展態勢，應該(gai)提前(qian)做(zuo)好(hao)相(xiang)關布(bu)局(ju)，提前(qian)把輿(yu)(yu)(yu)情(qing)消(xiao)滅(mie)在萌芽當(dang)中(zhong)，最大(da)程(cheng)度降(jiang)低輿(yu)(yu)(yu)情(qing)產生的風險。
通過(guo)以上的(de)(de)內(nei)容，我們已經(jing)了解了大數據(ju)對城市(shi)交通的(de)(de)應用和(he)影響的(de)(de)問(wen)題了，大數據(ju)對城市(shi)交通會產生(sheng)很大的(de)(de)影響，它能夠讓城市(shi)交通變(bian)得越來越好，如有需(xu)要，可以咨詢中卡科技。